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Markham Water Hardness & Quality Report (2026)

Water Hardness

hard

~120–179 mg/L

Hard

estimated · not lab-verified

Source

lake

pH Level

7.7

neutral = 7.0

Lead

0.002 mg/L

✓ Below action level

TDS

291 mg/L

Est. Daily Cost

$0.40

energy & soap waste

Source: Health Canada Water Quality · Updated 2026

hard~120–179 mg/LHard · est.

0–60

mg/L

Soft

61–120

mg/L

Moderately Hard

121–180

mg/L

Hard

180+

mg/L

Very Hard

Appliance Damage Report

In Markham, your appliances are currently losing 20% efficiency due to mineral buildup.

ApplianceIn MarkhamSoft Water CityEfficiency Loss
Kettle
6.8 yrs
8.5 yrs-20%
Washing Machine
9.6 yrs
12 yrs-20%
Water Heater
12 yrs
15 yrs-20%

Regional Water Comparison

How Markham compares to its nearest neighbours

CityHardnessMineralizationRisk
Markham, Ontario≈ 120–179 mg/LHigh🟠 Hard
Milliken, Ontario≈ 120–179 mg/LHigh🟠 Hard
Agincourt North, Ontario≈ 60–120 mg/LMedium🟡 Moderately Hard
Malvern, Ontario≈ 180+ mg/LVery High🔴 Very Hard
Agincourt South-Malvern West, Ontario≈ 180+ mg/LVery High🔴 Very Hard

National Benchmark

How Markham compares to the Canada average

BenchmarkHardnessAppliance Risk
Markham≈ 120–179 mg/L🟠 Moderate
Canada National Avg140 mg/L🟠 Moderate
Vancouver Top Rated3 mg/L🟢 None

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What Makes Markham's Water Unique?

Local geology and source profile

Source: LakeTDS: 291 mg/LpH: 7.7

The City of Markham Water and Wastewater Division draws its municipal water supply entirely from Lake Ontario. This vast body of water serves as the primary source for numerous municipalities across the Greater Toronto Area. After collection, the water undergoes treatment at regional facilities before being distributed to residents throughout Markham and the surrounding York Region. Lake Ontario's watershed is a significant factor in the water's characteristics.

Geologically, Markham's water supply is influenced by Paleozoic carbonate bedrock. This includes extensive limestone and dolomite formations typical of southwestern Ontario. As water flows through these mineral-rich terrains and over tributaries, it naturally dissolves calcium and magnesium. This geological process is the reason Lake Ontario, despite being a surface water source, exhibits hard water qualities.

Homeowners in Markham often notice the effects of this hard water, with limescale buildup appearing in pipes and appliances. Water heaters can become less efficient, and spotting on dishes and glassware is a common complaint. Devices like dishwashers and washing machines may also see their lifespan shortened. While the water is safe to drink and meets all provincial quality standards, a whole-home water softener is frequently recommended to mitigate these issues and protect household plumbing and appliances.

Geology & Source: Lake Ontario watershed; Paleozoic limestone and dolomite bedrock produce hard water

Other Ontario Water Reports

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Frequently Asked Questions

Is Markham's water safe to drink?
Yes. Markham's water meets all federal safety standards. The hardness is ≈ 120–179 mg/L (Hard), which is safe to drink. High hardness affects appliances and taste, but poses no health risk.
Do I need a water softener in Markham?
At ≈ 120–179 mg/L (Hard), Markham's water will cause significant limescale on kettles, washing machines, and water heaters. A water softener or descaler is strongly recommended to extend appliance lifespan and reduce energy bills by up to 20%.
How does Markham compare to the Canada average?
The Canada national average is 140 mg/L. Markham (≈ 120–179 mg/L) is 10 mg/L above the national average. The softest major city is Vancouver at just 3 mg/L.