Palm Coast Water Hardness & Quality Report (2026)

The City of Palm Coast Utility Department provides drinking water to approximately 90,000 residents in Palm Coast, Flagler County, Florida. Water is sourced exclusively from shallow groundwater wells tapping the surficial aquifer at depths averaging 60 to 90 feet. Treatment occurs at three facilities: Water Treatment Plant #1, a conventional lime softening plant, and Water Plants #2 and #3, which employ nanofiltration membrane-softening reverse osmosis processes. All plants ensure the water meets EPA standards before distribution.

The supply originates from the Northeast Florida watershed, tapping the shallow surficial aquifer overlying limestone-rich formations in coastal Flagler County. Key geological features include Quaternary unconsolidated sands and shell beds alongside Tertiary limestones of the Anastasia Formation and underlying Hawthorn Group sediments. These limestone-rich formations dissolve calcium and magnesium ions into the groundwater, contributing to a moderately mineralised supply prone to hardness — necessitating the advanced lime softening and nanofiltration treatments employed at the utility's plants.

At moderately hard levels, scale can accumulate in water heaters, dishwashers, and washing machines over time, reducing efficiency and lifespan. Faucets and showerheads may clog, leading to lower flow rates. Regular descaling of appliances and cleaning of aerators is advised annually; a home water softener is often recommended for households noticing soap scum or spotting on dishes. The utility complies with EPA National Primary and Secondary Drinking Water Regulations; no specific lead or copper exceedances are noted. PFAS testing follows state requirements, with detailed compliance data available in the city's annual Consumer Confidence Reports.